Recent Issues and Challenges

Class 12 Political Science

1. Short Questions’ Answers:

(a) Write one feature of New Economic Policy of India.

Ans:- Globalization 

(b) Write one feature of New Economic Policy of India.

Ans:- Globalization (Liberalization)

(c) In which year India launched its economic reform? 

Ans:- In 1991.

(d) What is the full form of LPG?

Ans:- Liberalization, Privatization, Globalization.

(e) In which year India Joined in WTO?

Ans:- In 1994.

(f) What is the full form of OBC.

Ans:- Other Backward Caste.

(g) What is Silent Revolution in Indian politics?

Ans:- The rise of other Backward classes in India is termed as silent  revolution by Christopher Zafrel Tay.

(h) What is the full form of BAMCEF?

Ans:- Backward and Minority Classes Employee Federation. 

(i) In which year BAMCEF was formed? 

Ans:- In 1978.

(j) What is the meaning of ‘VAAISARA’?

Ans:- Social Harmony.

The relationship between Brahmin and Dalit is termed as ‘Vaaisara’.

(k) In which year Dalit panthers was formed? 

Ans:- In 1972.

(l) Write a causes of emergence of communalism? 

Ans:- Communal organisations.

(m) What is DS4?

Ans:- DS4 means Dalit Shoshit Samaj Sangharsh Samiti.

2. Questions answer: Marks – 2

(a) Write two causes of emergence of communalism in India. HS-2017

Ans:- (i) Communal organisations.

(ii) Divide and rule policy

(b) Mention two main features of new economic policy in India.  HS-2015

Ans:- (i) Globalization

(ii) Privatization

(c) Write two features of globalization.

Ans:- (i) Free market

(ii) Liberalization.

(d) What do you mean by liberalisation?

Ans:- Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on liberty and equality. It takes protecting and enhancing the freedom of the individual to be the central problem of politics.

(e) Write two arguments in favour of new economic policy of India.

Ans:- (i) New economic policy aims to reduce the extent of poverty and inequality in the distribution of income and wealth. 

(ii) Economic reform is helping the country to attain growing competitiveness in its industrial sector to face global competition. 

(f) Write two arguments in against of new economic policy. 

Ans:- (i) The new economic policy has neglected the agricultural sector as compared to that of industry, trade and service sector. 

(ii) The policy has increased the dependence of the country on foreign assistance and has multiplied the volume of external debts.

(g) What is communalism?

Ans:- Communalism is a term used in South Asia to denote attempts to construct religious or ethnic identity, incite strife between people identified as different communities, and to stimulate communal violence between those groups.

(h) Write two measures to curb communalism.

Ans:- (i) Removal of communal orientation.

(ii) De-recognition of communal political parties. 

(i) Write briefly about economic globalisation. 

Ans:- Economic globalisation normally deals with great economic flows between different countries of the world. The flow takes place through exchange of commodities, capital, people and ideas.

3. Write briefly about NDA.

Ans:- The BJP led alliance is known as NDA. It first came to power in 1998 with its 24 coalition partners got majority in Lok Sabha with TDP being the second major partner with 29 MPs. The NDA government passed the Prevention Of Terrorists Act (POTA) in 2002 to counter against terrorists.

4. Discuss the challanges posed by communalism in India in relation to the Ayodhya and Godhra incident.  HS-2013

Ans:- Communalism in Indian politics is not a new thing. It has bought positive and negative impacts. The incidents of Ayodhya and Godhra has posed a serious threat to the whole country. The Godhra incident took place in February, 2002 when a compartment of the Sabarmati Express was burnt in Godhra. The compartment was full with the karsevaks. Many people were killed in the incident. The riots did not confined in Gujrat only but it soon spread through out the country. Another communal riot between the Hindu and Muslim community took place on 6th December, 1992. On this day about two lakhs supporters of the BJP and BHP demolished the Babri Mosque situated at Ayodhya. According Hindu supporters, as Babar built the mosque having demolished the temple of Ram. Relating to this issue communal violence spread almost all parts of India and nearabout three thousand Indians had to die.

5. Write the various features of new economic policy of India.

Ans:- The various features are:

(i) The new economic policy has made provision for liberalizing the economy against unnecessary controls and regulations. 

(ii) Privatisation : Another important feature of new economic policy is the promotion of the policy of privatisation. Under the policy of economic reforms private sector has been allowed.