1. Choose the correct answer (M.C.Q.):

(i) When was the ‘Cabinet Mission’ sent to India by the British Government? hslc-2022

(a) March 1940

(b) March 1946

(c) March 1950

(d) March 1948

Ans:-(b) March 1946

(ii) When did the Chauri-Chaura violence take place? hslc-2020

(a) 5th February, 1922

(b) 31 January, 1930

(c) 8th August, 1942

(d) 6th April, 1919

Ans:-(a) 5th February, 1922

(iii) The British Prime Minister who announced the Communal Award in 1932 was- hslc-2019

(a) Clement Attlee

(b) Winston Churchill

(c) Ramsay MacDonald

(d) Theresa May

Ans:- (c) Ramsay MacDonald

(iv) During the course of which movement did Gandhi give the slogan ‘Do or Die’?  hslc-2018

(a) The Civil Disobedience Movement

(b) The Non-Cooperation Movement

(c) The Quit India Movement

(d) The Khilafat Movement.

Ans:-(c) The Quit India Movement

(v) The first world war broke out in

(a) 1918

(b) 1919

(c) 1914

(d) 1912

Ans:-(c) 1914

(vi) Mahatma Gandhi was born on 2nd October

(a) 1893

(b) 1869

(c) 1889

(d) 1871

Ans:-(b) 1869

(vii) Mahatma Gandhi first used the word ‘Satyagraha’ in

(a) The Great Britain

(b) South Africa

(c) Germany

(d) India

Ans:- (b) South Africa

(viii) Who was known as ‘frontier Gandhi’?

(a) Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan

(b) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

(c) Bhim Rao Ambedkar

(d) Mohammad Ali Jinnah

Ans:- (a) Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan

(ix) Mahatma Gandhi launched the Quit India Movement in

(a) September 1942

(b) August 1941

(c) September 1941

(b) August 1942

Ans:- (b) August 1942

(x) Who said, ‘give me blood and I shall give you freedom’?

(a) Subash Chandra Bose

(b) Rash Bihari Bose

(c) Shahid Bhagat Singh

(d) Chandra Sekhar Azad

Ans:- (a) Subash Chandra Bose

(xi) The boundary demarcation line between India and Pakistan is

(a) McMahon Line

(b) 39th Parallel

(c) Radcliffe Line

(d) Durand Line

Ans:- (c) Radcliffe Line

(xii) Mahatma Gandhi first applied Satyagraha principle in –

(a) Movement against vacial discrimination in South Africa in 1893.

(b) Peasants Revolt in Champaran

(c) Peasants Revolt in Kheda

(d) Satyagraha or Non-violance Movement, 1919.

Ans:- (a) Movement against vacial discrimination in South Africa in 1893.

2. Very Short Answer:-

(i) Who for the first time used the term ‘Satyagraha’? hslc-2022

Ans:- Mahatma Gandhi.

(ii) Name the congress representative who participated in the second round table conference of 1931. HSLC-2023

Ans:- Mahatma Gandhi.

(iii) The Rowalt Act was Passed in the year ___.   HSLC-2023

Ans:- 1919

(iv) The demand of complete independence was raised in the ____ session of the congress. (Fill up the gap) HSLC-2023

Ans:- Lahore

(v) When was Gandhi-Irwin Pact signed? hslc-2020

Ans:- Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed on 5th March, 1931.

(vi) Mention one outcome of Gandhi Irwin Pact? hslc-2020

Ans:- The political prisoners not convicted for violence would be released immediately.

(vii) When was the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre taken place? hslc-2022

Ans:- The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place on 13th April 1919.

(viii) Who was the creator of Indian National Army?

Ans:- Captain Suhan Singh.

(ix) In which country did Gandhi first apply the technique of ‘Satyagraha’?

Ans:- Gandhi first applied the technique of ‘Satyagraha’ in South Africa.

(x) Why did Rabindranath Tagore renounce his Kinghthood?

Ans:- Rabindranath Tagore renounced his Kinghthood in protest against the Jallianwalabagh massacre.

(xi) Under whose leadership was the khilafat movement started in India?

Ans:- The Khilafat movement started in India under the leadership of Moulana Soukat Ali and Mohammad Ali.

(xii) Who was the founder of the Azad Hind Fauz?

Ans:- Subhash Chandra Bose.

(xiii) Where is Natal situated?

Ans:- In South Africa.

(xiv) What is ‘Indian Opinion?

Ans:- ‘Indian Opinion’ is the name of a news paper.

(xv) When was the Govt. of India Act enacted?

Ans:- In 1919.

(xvi) Why did Congress boycott the Simon Commission?

Ans:- Congress boycotted the Simon Commission because there was no Indian representative in the Commission.

(xvii) Where was Indian Independence League formed?

Ans:- In Tokyo.

(xviii) Who was known as frontier Gandhi?

Ans:- Khan Abdul Gafur Khan was known as Frontier Gandhi.

(xix) Who was the sole congress representative at the Second Round Table Conference in London?

Ans:- Mahatma Gandhi was the sole congress representative the Second Round Table Conference in London.

(xx) Who was the Governor General when the Rowlatt Act was passed in 1919?

Ans:- Lord Chelmsford.

(xxi) Where did Gandhi start the Satyagraha in India?

Ans:- Gandhi started the Satyagraha in India in 1919.

(xxii) Whom did the Muslims regard as their Khalifa or spiritual head?

Ans:- The Muslims regarded the Sultan of Turkey as their Khalifa of Turkey as their Khalifa or spiritual head.

(xxiii) When was the Non-Cooperation Movement started?

Ans:- The Non-Cooperation Movement started in 1920.

(xxiv) When did the Non-Cooperation Movement come to an end?

Ans:- The Non-Cooperation Movement came to an end in 1922.

(xxv) When was Dandi March launched?

Ans:- Mahatma Gandhi launched Dandi March or Salt Satyagraha on 12 March 1930.

(xxvi) When was the Civil Disobedience Movement completely withdrawn?

Ans:- The Civil Disobedience Movement completely withdrawn in 1934.

(xxvii) When was the Second Round Table Conference held?

Ans:- The Second Round Table Conference was held in 1931.

(xxviii) When was the demand for Pakistan first started?

Ans:- The demand for Pakistan first started in 1940.

(xxix) Name the first Satyagrahi who was to be court arrested?

Ans:- The first Satyagrahi who was to be court arrested was Archarya Vinoba Bhabe.

(xxx) When was the second World War broken out?

Ans:- The second World War broke out in 1939.

(xxxi) What was the slogan of the Indian National Army?

Ans:- The slogan of the Indian National Army was Jai Hind.

(xxxii) Who was sworn in as the Prime Minister of India after India’s freedom from the British?

Ans:- Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was sworn in as the Prime Minister of India.

(xxxiii) Who became the first Governor General of Pakistan?

Ans:- Mohammad Ali Jinnah was the first Governor General of Pakistan.

3. What is the actual meaning of Satyagraha’? hslc-2022

Ans:- The term Satyagraha is a compound of two separate words Satya (truth) and Agraha (adherence, holding fast). It is an intense political activity by large masses of people whose very basis is non-violence.

4. Under what circumstances did Lala Lajpat Rai lost his life?

Ans:- At Lahore, a procession organised against the Simon Commission under the leadership of Lajpat Rai was’ Lathi-charge. In that procession he was seriously wounded and subsequently died.

5. In which conference of the Indian National Congress and when was the demand for full autonomy raised as the major demand of Indians?

Ans:- ‘Purna Swaraj’ was declared to be the 134 chief goal of the Indians in the Lahore session of Indian National Congress under the presidenship of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru in 1929.

6. When and in which session of the Indian National Congress was Purna Swaraj declared to be the chief goal of the Indians? hslc-2017

Ans:- The Indian National Congress declared Purna Swaraj to be the chief goal of the Indians in 1929 at the Lahore session of the Congress.

7. When did Gandhiji start his Salt March from Sabarmati Asharm to the seacoast of Dandi? What is the distance between Sabarmati Ashram and the seacoast of Dandi? HSLC-2019

Ans:- Gandhi started his salt March on 12th March, 1930 from Sabarmati Ashram to the seacoast of Dandi.

The distance between Sabarmati Ashram and the seacoast of Dandi is 385 km.

8. Write the two terms of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact of 1931. HSLC-2018

Ans:- Two terms of the Gandhi Irwin Pact:

(i) The immediate release of all political prisoners not convicted for violence.

(ii) The remission of all fines not yet collected. The Congress in return agreed to suspend the Civil Disobedience movement and participate in the Second Round Table Conference.

9. When and What were the main causes of the Civil Disobedience Movement? Discuss how Gandhi started this movement. HSLC-2018

Ans:- Main causes of the Civil Disobedience Movement:

(i) The formation of the ‘All-White’ Simon Commission in 1927 to look into the working of the reforms introduced by the Govt. of India Act, 1919.

(ii) To attain the goal of achieving Dominion status for India. Later the goal to attain Purna Swaraj was set.

Moreover, Gandhi demanded that his list of 11 demands (which included the abolition of Salt Law) be met.

Gandhi launched the Civil Disobedience movement on 12 March, 1930 with the famous Salt Satyagraha (Dandi March). He along with some of his followers left Sabarmati Ashram at Ahmedabad for Dandi, a village on the West Coast of India. After travelling 385 km for 25 days, they reached Dandi on 6th April, 1930. Here Gandhi broke Salt Law by producing salt himself. The movement spread and salt laws were challenged in other parts also.

In North West Frontier Province, the movement was led by Khudai Khitmadgars under the leadership of Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan.

10. What do you understand by the term Satyagraha’? Briefly write about the three local disputes where Gandhiji first applied the technique of Satyagraha in India. HSLC-2019

Ans:- ‘Staya’ means truth and ‘agraha’ means adherence, holding fast. The root meaning of “Satyagraha’ is ‘holding on to truth”.

The three local disputes where Gandhiji first applied the technique of Satyagraha in India are:-

(1) In Champaran, he took up the causes of peasants against landlords.

(ii) In-Kheda, he fought against the collection of land-revenue when their crops failed.

(iii) In Ahmedabad, he took up the cause of the mill-workers against the mill-owners.

11. What was the background behind launching Quit India Movement by Gandhi? How did he lead this movement? HSLC-2020

Ans:- BACKGROUND OF QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT LAUNCHED BY GANDHI: i) In September 1939, the Second World War broke out. “Gandhiji” and J. Nehru who were strongly critical of Hitler and the Nazis, promised the British to provide support of the the congress to their war efforts. In return, they asked to grant India complete independence. As the offer was not accepted by the British Government the Congress ministers resigned in October, 1939 followed by a series of individual satyagrahas during 1940-1941

ii) A Draft Declaration of the British Government was offered to India, which included the establishment of a dominion, establishment of a constituent assembly and the rights of provinces to make separate constitutions. These would be granted after the war. However this Cripps mission failed.

iii) Other factors which led to this movement were fear of Japan attacking India, terror in East Bengal and the fact that India had realized that the British could not defend the country anymore. Under such circumstances, Gandhi launched the Quit India Movement. Gandhiji led the movement in a revolutionary way.

iv) In August 1942, Gandhi launched the Quit India movement, also known as the August movement on the basis of the resolution passed on 8th August 1942 in Bombay by the All India Congress Committee, declaring its demand for an immediate end of the British rule.

v) Gandhi during this movement gave the slogan “Do or Die” which inspired thousands of Indians.

13. When did the Civil Disobedience Move- ment take place in India? How was it con- ducted by Mahatma Gandhi?   HSLC-2022

Ans:- The Civil Disobedience Movement took place in 1930.

One of the factors leading to Civil Disobedience Movement was the formation of the Simon Commission by the British government. Political Parties and social organization of In- dia did not accept the Commission as it was accused of being an ‘All White Commission’. This was followed by a strike in Bengal on 3 February, 1928. The Calcutta session of the INC held in 1928 warned the British government that it would start a Civil Disobedience Movement if India was not granted the do- minion status.

On 31th January, 1930 Gandhi gave an ultimatum to the Viceroy Lord Irwin to remove the evils of the British rule with a list of demands. Gandhi clearly mentioned that if these points were ignored then the nation would be going to launch the civil Disobedience Movement. Consequently the civil Disobedience Movement started in 1930 with the famous salt Satyagraha of Gandhi also known as Dandi March that was launched on 12 March, 1930 where he protested against the salt Law by making salt himself and throwing up a challenge to the British government.

Gandhi and thousands of freedom lovers were arrested for stirring feeling of patriotism among the masses.

14. Discuss the Non-Cooperation Movement launched under Gandhi’s leadership and mention the cause of postponement of the Movement. HSLC-2023

Or

What were the positive and negative aspects of the Non-Cooperation Movement. HSLC-2017

Ans:- The Non-Cooperation Movement (Asahayog Andolan) was a major event in the Indian struggle for independence. Under Mahatma Gandhi’s leadership, the movement aimed at British rule through non-violence. Some of the important causes were:-

(i) The discontent over the World War-1, as it had taken big toll on India’s economy and human resource.

(ii) The growing British oppression of Indians as demonstrated by the Rowlatt Act of 1919.

(iii) The Jalianwala Bagh massacre of 1919.

(iv) The economic exploitation of India by the British.

(v) The Indian Muslims had launched the Khilafat Movement to ensure protection of the Ottoman Empire.

The Non-cooperation movement had two aspects-positive and negative. The positive aspects were:

(i) Promotion of Swadeshi, particularly the revival of hand spinning and weaving.

(ii) Removal of untouchability among the Hindus.

(iii) Promotion of Hindu-Muslim unity.

(iv) Prohibition of the use of alcoholic drinks.

(v) The collection of crore of rupees for the memorial of Tilak.

The negative aspects were:

(i) The boycott of the British law courts, British educational institutions.

(ii) Boycott of election to the legislative council.

(iii) Boycott of government programmes and festivals.

(iv) Boycott of British goods.

Inspite of the wishes and instructions of Gandhi, people at certain places did not remain peaceful. On February 5, 1922, there was serious mob violence at Chauri Chaura in Gorakhpur district of United Provinces. The local police attacked the protestors and then they violently collided with the police. Three protestors were killed and then they burnt down the police station and about 22 policemen were killed. Gandhi had wanted the movement to be a non-cooperation one, so when the movement took a violent turn at Chauri Chaura, Gandhi declared the suspension of the movement from Bardoli on 12th Feb, 1922.